Integrated MEL Modules Advanced Programme – Evaluation of Public Policies: Empirical Analysis, 30 September 2025

On 30 September, 2025, the second advanced module of the MEL took place, under the MEL Integrated Module Programme on Rule of Law Policies bringing together participants from civil society organizations, universities, and the legal field. The session, led by Mimoza Agolli, focused on strengthening participants’ skills in designing and implementing evidence-based policy evaluations.

Agolli structured the training into two main theoretical sessions. In the first session, she focused on the preparation phase of an evaluation assignment, including the development of a theory of change and results chain, the formulation of clear evaluation questions, and the selection of SMART indicators. She emphasized the importance of engaging a wide range of stakeholders, from policymakers to implementers, in order to ensure both ownership of the process and the accuracy of the evaluation framework.

In the second session, she elaborated on the methods of causal inference and counterfactual analysis in impact evaluation. Participants were introduced to the counterfactual problem, the need for valid treatment and control groups, and the gold standard of randomized evaluations. At the same time, Agolli addressed the use of quasi-experimental methods, such as difference-in-differences, regression discontinuity, and propensity score matching, which are frequently applied when randomization is not feasible.

The practical component of the training combined group exercises and case studies. Participants worked on developing hypotheses and indicators within a results-based framework, tested their relevance and measurability, and reflected on potential data sources, risks, and ethical considerations. Using concrete examples, Agolli guided participants in applying evaluation methods to real-world cases, while also highlighting the limitations and assumptions behind each approach.

By the end of the workshop, participants had not only deepened their theoretical understanding of evaluation design and causal inference but also practiced applying these tools through collaborative exercises. This balance of conceptual clarity and applied practice enabled them to see how rigorous monitoring and evaluation methods can contribute to more transparent, accountable, and effective policymaking.

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The integrated MEL Modules take place within the framework of the “Building Partnership on Fundamentals: Empowered CSOs in the EU  accession process” project, with the financial support of the European Union – IPA Civil Society Facility 2021, which is implemented by the European Movement in Albania and in cooperation with the Academy of European Integration and Negotiations (AIEN), Slovak Foreign Policy Association (SFPA) and the Center for Transparency and Freedom of Information (CTFI).